Appeal Court Reverses Decision, Sends Mail Boxes Etc. to Trial
The franchisees' appeal was filed in January 2007 after the California Superior Court Judge Wendell H. Mortimer, Jr., now retired, granted UPS and Mail Boxes Etc. summary judgment —a decision based on the merits of the case without a trial—as to all their allegations. But the Appellate Court not only determined that the franchisees were successful in showing that all allegations stated in their case were suited for trial, he also awarded them costs related to their appeal, including attorney fees. The judge addressed three of the causes of action in his decision, but stated in light of the court's finding it saw no need to deal with the remaining thirty causes of action.
The Appeal court ruling gave a factual history of the franchisees' lawsuit. All three are members of the Platinum Shield Association, one of three organizations litigating against UPS. Through their attorneys, Gordon & Rees, they claimed that after its conversion program UPS and Mail Boxes Etc. began to abandon and undermine the existing MBE franchisees in order to violate its obligations of its franchise agreements. They also allege that in acquiring MBE Inc. and its trademark, trade name, and related intellectual property, UPS conspired to destroy the MBE franchised business and distribution system, and established in its place "The UPS Store," a network of UPS-favored businesses. By permitting its affiliate UPS to enter into agreements with other competitive retail outlets, it also alleges that its MBE company implemented anti-competitive practices.
But the franchisees' complaint went beyond that. According to allegations, UPS and Mail Boxes Etc. had actually collaborated prior to acquiring the MBE franchise system with the intent of eliminating the MBE Center business model, coercively converting it into The UPS Store. MBE operators also accused the company of depriving franchisees of their contractual rights under their franchise agreements to sell or transfer their franchised businesses, and to renew automatically their MBE franchise agreements for successive 10-year periods.
Because of the timing of receiving the decision late Friday, attorneys for the franchisees, Miles Scully and Amy Darby of Gordon & Rees, and attorney for UPS/MBE, Jane Barrett, Morrison & Foerster, were not reached for comment. An update will be published after they are contacted.
But former MBE franchisee Howard Spanier, president of the Platinum Shield Association, had much to say about the decision. In a telephone interview he said, "The Court of Appeals gave us a total victory. The court reversed every single claim that UPS and Mail Boxes Etc. made, and awarded cost on appeal to the plaintiffs." He also feels it was a complete repudiation of UPS and MBE's position, and that it was the last major hurdle for them. Spanier, who had been a franchisee in Malibu for eighteen years and one of MBE's top-performers, was forced to give up his Mail Boxes Etc. identity in 2006. He said UPS blocked his renewal as an MBE franchisee, despite the fact that his agreement allowed it. Mail Boxes Etc. Inc. would only allow him to renew as a UPS Store. "I considered that option to be financial suicide since under the UPS Store business model profit is totally controlled by UPS," he said in a statement.
Spanier said UPS must now face a public trial, where UPS and MBE will be forced to explain their anti-franchisee actions in front of a jury. “We can’t wait to finally have our day in court,” he added.
The decision is the third time that the California Court of Appeals has reversed the lower court and upheld the case of the UPS and Mail Boxes Etc. franchisees. The previous decision by the Court of Appeals was to grant certification of a national class action against UPS on behalf of the UPS Store franchisees.
With regard to the class certification, Spanier reported, "Our attorneys will file a formal motion to certify the class within the next two weeks. The motion will be heard by Judge Highberger on July 8, 2008. The motion will be based on the recent California Court of Appeal decision."
| Attachment | Size |
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| appellate court decision 5.23.08.pdf | 62.91 KB |
| Class Action Certification.pdf | 265.28 KB |

Why???
CorporationUNITED PLATINUM SHIELD TRADE ASSOCIATION Number: C2645075Date Filed: 3/29/2004
Status: suspended Jurisdiction: CaliforniaAddress 23852 PACIFIC COAST HWYMALIBU, CA 90265 Agent for Service of ProcessMILES SCULLY 101 W BROADWAY STE 1600 SAN DIEGO, CA 92101I checked and attorney fees were not awarded. It states, "The judgment is reversed. Costs on appeal are awarded to plaintiffs Gil I. McDougal, Inc., Sanford Industries, Inc., and Martin Senoff, Inc."
Thanks.
Janet
--
Janet Sparks is the former publisher of the Continental Franchise Review, an industry newsletter that covered the franchise industry. She is now a freelance investigative reporter for franchising and a columnist for a leading franchise journal.
Janet Sparks is the former publisher of the Continental Franchise Review, an industry newsletter that covered the franchise industry. She is now a freelance investigative reporter for franchising and a columnist for a leading franchise publication.
There was no "repudiation" of UPS' position. Please let's actually read the ruling which Ms. Sparks has appended here in pdf format.
The non-moving party raised triable issues of fact. As such, Summary Judgment is not appropriate.
Where triable issues of fact are raised, the non-moving party is entitled to have those matters put before the trier of fact.
Any paralegal with 5 minutes experience can tell you that.
Not only did the appellate court not decide which side was telling the truth, it would have been improper as a matter of law for any court to have done so.
As to "costs" this is what is sometimes known as "taxing" and it really is a matter of a few pennies. Look at the court rules for California , and the statute will tell you what "costs" are. My state has a similar statute, and many people don't even bother filing to get "costs" since it is barely worth the time involved in preparing the paperwork and going to the courthouse.
The franchisees have made some serious allegations which if proven at trial will put UPS in the hot seat. And this matter moving forward will enable discovery which may further butress the franchisee claims. So, it is a win for the franchisees. But let's not mis-state the law for the sake of PR spin.
Paul Steinberg
Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
Paul Steinberg, Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
Oh, by "complete repudiation of UPS position" the PSA spokesman merely meant "the appellate court found triable issues of fact."
Yeah, right.
BMM readers can look at the statement themselves and decide what the PSA meant by "complete repudiation."
If anyone wants to know what summary judgment is (and more importantly in this context, is not) they can look at the Franchipedia entry "Summary Judgment" or if you want to see the California standard, I put the hyperlinks in previous postings.
Bottom line: a denial of summary judgment simply means that the case moves forward. It does not mean that the court believes the non-moving party, it means that the court is required to assume as true the statements of the non-moving party.
There is a difference, and snotty ad hominem attacks do not change that.
Paul Steinberg
Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
Paul Steinberg, Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
There is no Canadian franchisee lawyer happier for the PSA than I am.
However, Paul is making a very good point.
To the casual observer, it sounded like the PSA was claiming a substantive victory and that the Court of Appeal had made factual findings. (Actually, I happen to think that it is a great legal victory for PSA)
Paul was quite right to point out that no facts have been established by this ruling. The casual reader might have assumed that Mr. Spanier was suggesting that. (Actually, Howard is far too sophisticated to have made that mistake.)
But, nonetheless Paul's point is useful to keep in mind.
Michael Webster PhD LLB
Franchise News
Michael Webster, a franchisee attorney in Toronto, Ontario, publishes a website on business opportunities and franchises called "The BizOp News"
We would absolutely love to hear the oral argument.
Can you post it?
If you don't know how, send the cd to my and I will post it.
Look, I think that this is a huge victory for the PSA because I am very familiar with many of the issues raised and the availability of discovery on all these issues is monumental.
Paul was making a good point, and perhaps we should also tweak Janet Sparks too, that what Howard was quoted as saying needed to be amplified or put in context, recognizing that the no facts had been proved.
But it is very important that the UPS road show of the Gold Shield program raises triable issues - which is what is at stake.
Michael Webster PhD LLB
Franchise News
Michael Webster, a franchisee attorney in Toronto, Ontario, publishes a website on business opportunities and franchises called "The BizOp News"
Yeah, this is bad.
Judge: We have found 14-15 triable issues.
Attorney: Ah, but you haven't heard my compelling argument.
Judge: What part of "14-15 triable issues" was hard for you to understand?
Please post the rest of this - I cannot stand the unintentional humour.
Michael Webster PhD LLB
Franchise News
Michael Webster, a franchisee attorney in Toronto, Ontario, publishes a website on business opportunities and franchises called "The BizOp News"
Fantastic and extraordinary lawyering!
The Truth Shall Set You Free!
TIF
The Truth Shall Set You Free!
TIF
You are so predisposed to think that I am on the side of UPS when I only care about the facts and I am not on one side or the other.
I think that UPS really screwed up on its acquisition and conversion of MBE, but it does not mean that the various franchisee lawsuits will prevail in court.
The Truth Shall Set You Free!
TIF
The Truth Shall Set You Free!
TIF
The allegations of the zees in this specific case give them a decent shot if proven, but I am more interested in how the comments to this article epitomize the customary zee-side approach.
As Webster noted, the Sparks article gave a view based on one side. I don't fault Ms. Sparks for this, since she did attempt to get comment by the opposing side and when a response came in, she did a follow-up article. But...
The article was misleading, and I addressed the issue of summary judgment and "costs" as a factual matter. I also discussed the matter of dicta, and further noted that any court feedback (via decisions or in court) may give an indication of the strengths/weaknesses of the underlying case.
For some franchisees, any deviation from the rah-rah choir is intolerable.
Interestingly, the moderate voices are from registered commentators and the pot-shots are from those who don't even bother to register with a pseudonym, let alone their real name.
We also see once more the bias argument: those who agree with us are pure-of-heart but those who disagree with us are shills acting out of base pecuinary motives.
The idea that spokesmen/counsel for a particular side might have a reason to spin a story..why, zees would never do such a thing. The idea that some people might actually wish to see balanced and enlightening discussion of their professional interests...why, they must really have some ulterior motives.
(And once again, I note that my practice is within a small area--so unless you know whether the "6" subway is local or express, you are wasting your time calling me for representation. There are excellent national firms that do that, as we have discussed previously.)
IFA (and to a lesser extent, ABA) franchise conferences suffer from a lack of balance. BMM has the same problem, albeit from the opposite side of the debate.
The difference is that the legal and regulatory structure favors franchisors, whether you like it or not. So if anything, presentation of a franchisee-oriented viewpoint requires making a better argument.
Unfortunately, that is more effort than most franchisee-side advocates are willing to make.
Paul Steinberg
Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
Paul Steinberg, Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
I was being facetious for God's sake!
The Truth Shall Set You Free!
TIF
The Truth Shall Set You Free!
TIF
But Paul I want Summary Judgement (SJ) to be different!
I want the oppressed victims of franchising to have their cake and eat it too. So when a "lesser party" e.g., a franchisee wins on SJ they should get an extraordinary judgement in their favor with treble damages X2 and if they lose on SJ say against a superior party e.g., a franchisor they should get a "do over" before going to trial.
In my Monty Python/Three Stooges Logic I think this structure is the only "Fair Dealing" way to handle these trial matters.
The Truth Shall Set You Free!
TIF
The Truth Shall Set You Free!
TIF
TIF writes: "I want the oppressed victims of franchising to have their cake and eat it too."
Uh, this expression often misused. You cannot eat a cake without having it. The proper expression is "eat their cake and have it too." Now that would be a magical cake: once eaten, you still could retain it.
Now back to our regular scheduled programming.
Michael Webster PhD LLB
Franchise News
Michael Webster, a franchisee attorney in Toronto, Ontario, publishes a website on business opportunities and franchises called "The BizOp News"
Thank-you Bubba, I see my error. No doubt this explains how a) one try to foreclose on a cake because you owned the income stream from the mortgage on the cake, but b) not be in a legal position to do so because you had no title to the cake.
Michael Webster PhD LLB
Franchise News
Michael Webster, a franchisee attorney in Toronto, Ontario, publishes a website on business opportunities and franchises called "The BizOp News"
"Dost thou think, because thou art virtuous, there shall be no more cakes and ale?'
This is variously attributed to Shakespeare (Twelfth Night, act 2 scene 3) and to "Cousin Vinny" (Subway Sandwich/Lap Dance impressario).
Paul Steinberg
Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
Paul Steinberg, Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
Little too much Stooges logic and not enough Monty Python!
The Truth Shall Set You Free!
TIF
The Truth Shall Set You Free!
TIF
I wasn't the one calling the media, and yes, a paralegal in any decent litigation firm can tell you the standard for summary judgment.
The problem anyone (zor, zee, or otherwise) has when they misstate and/or overstate the facts and the significance of those facts is that your credibility is damaged in the future--most importantly, with your journalist contact.
This is why if you are in litigation, you should have one person designated as media contact. That person should consult with public relations and litigation counsel prior to speaking with media, and should not venture information that has not been vetted, particularly where the non-vetted information relates to technical matters (such as what a court means by "costs", which as Mr. Webster pointed out can mean different things in different courts).
Paul Steinberg
Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
Paul Steinberg, Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
I look upon this a bit differently from Paul.
In the broad landscape of things, UPS must have done its own calculation of how much it would have cost to outright own the MBE locations - fully staffed UPS stores taking drop-offs.
Somewhere in their files is this study. This study will flatly contradict the song and dance that they gave to the MBE franchisees.
With the wide open discovery that the plaintiffs now have, at one point UPS is going to wish that they were only dealing with Bill Lerach, who I am reliably informed is unavailable for several years.
Michael Webster PhD LLB
Franchise News
Michael Webster, a franchisee attorney in Toronto, Ontario, publishes a website on business opportunities and franchises called "The BizOp News"
MW: I'm not doubting that UPS knew what it was doing, and gave the MBE franchisees a song-and-dance. To what extent that is actionable under California law given the admissible evidence in this litigation, I don't know; but my guess is that UPS would be wise to consider settlement talks.
My beef was with the perennial mis-statement as to the significance of denial of a motion for summary judgment. I would be just as prickly about UPS making similar statements.
For some unknown reason, the trial judge failed to apply the proper standard for deciding such a motion, and the appellate court properly reversed after determining that triable issues of fact existed. The appellate court neither accepted nor "repudiated" anyone's version of the facts, it simply found that as a matter of law the case was not suitable for summary judgment.
Even in California, there are rules. The trial judge didn't follow them, and got smacked on his knuckles. Nothing more, nothing less.
Paul Steinberg
Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
P.S.: Bill Lerach is famous in US legal and legislative history as being the only person to so annoy Congress that they passed a law to put Lerach out of business (the PSLRA). I hear that Lerach is now in consultation with Snowden and Bororian about setting up a new franchise--did you want a piece of the IPO?
Paul Steinberg, Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
I am reliably informed that when Bill gets out of his federal retirement home, he intends to push for a private cause of action for the FTC Rule.
Michael Webster PhD LLB
Franchise News
Michael Webster, a franchisee attorney in Toronto, Ontario, publishes a website on business opportunities and franchises called "The BizOp News"
(Another Canadian joke could be inserted here)
Guest is correct.
This bit about denial of SJ and other interlocutory rulings is widely misunderstood by the public, and is often twisted in media reports.
What bothers me more is that the clients often believe this pseudo-legal crap, and that is the fault of both their attorneys and the client for not having a discussion with the attorney before giving media interviews.
I love Ms. Sparks dearly, but if parties speak with her during the proceedings, they should be doing so as part of a strategy developed in consultation with legal and public relations advisors. Moreover, they should be careful to be factually accurate since if they exaggerate or lie to the reporter, they will lose credibility.
That is not to say that mistakes/misstatements don't happen, but one of the purposes of developing a strategy is to make sure that everyone knows (a) what they are talking about and (b) why they are talking about it.
PSA is playing in the big leagues and shouldn't be shooting from the cuff, especially to an influential trade journalist.
As to the Quizno's in-house counsel (and the "out house" counsel, also): both of them have been criticized here on BMM for taking gratuitous swipes at Mr. Klein, and for misleading pr spin. You may remember that this criticism came from both zor-side and zee-side observers.
Paul Steinberg
Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
Paul Steinberg, Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
(The bilingual subject line is for Les, Michael, and the rest of the "loonies")
We see a theme again of franchisees not being concerned with (and even misstating) the laws which apply to them. Yahoo populism and deriding "legal mumbo-jumbo" plays well to the ranters, but does you no good in court.
Another theme repeated is derision for anyone not sufficiently riled up with righteous fury at the evil franchise cabal, coupled with a broadside of righteous fury.
When SJ is denied, it means that discovery will proceed. That includes, inter alia, depositions of various parties. Those examinations are for purposes of eliciting evidence relevant to the cause(s) of action. In this case, the issues relate to contractual and common law obligations within a commercial business relationship.
UPS may lose this case, but if it does so it will be because it violated judicially-congnizable standards as set forth in the written franchise agreement and related statute/caselaw.
We have discussed this before on BMM, and I cited to cases where courts held that you need to obey your contracts even if it does force you into bankruptcy. UPS may indeed have "ruined lives and bankrupted hundreds of franchisees." But you should remember that the court is not your Momma (even in California) and keep your eye on the ball, which is the cause(s) of action, the element(s) thereof, and the applicable legal standard(s).
Paul Steinberg
Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
Paul Steinberg, Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
The published ruling did not set out a complete procedural history (and we don't have the appellate briefs) but simply noted that SJ had been granted on Nov 21, 2006. The ruling addressed the complaint (10th amended?!!) and nothing further.
It is true that a motion for summary judgment may be brought at any time, and from what you say this motion was brought at the conclusion of discovery. Normally if your claim is that the Complaint fails to state a cause of action as a matter of law, then this would be a motion brought at the outset precisely because you don't want to have your adversary fishing for dirt to make a case that the adversary couldn't make when the complaint was filed.
As to the fact/law distinction: While this can be a blurry line on occasion, you are correct. Moreover, the standard for summary judgment is that you assume that everything the non-moving party says is true.
Looking at the ruling, I am puzzled as to why the trial judge granted summary judgment in the first place.
I agree with you that it appears the trial judge was wrong, and the appellate court reversed the trial judge so they agree with you as well. I doubt that any of the attorneys involved will speculate on the record, but either the trial judge didn't have his morning coffee or there is something else going on; SJ should not have been granted.
Paul Steinberg
Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
Paul Steinberg, Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
I saw that as well - am curious as to how they keep allowing these amended complaints to go through - I would assume that there were likely hearings (in which defendants vigorously opposed these amended complaints), but honestly, are they seriously now working on their 11th amended complaint? Strategery-wise - they may just be trying to frustrate defense counsel, but from an outside perspective, it could make one question competency.
Not sure what all the hoopla is about the SJ ruling. Defense did not establish that there were no triable issues of facts - this does not necessarily imply that plaintiffs actually have any triable issue of fact, it just means that defense did not prove that plaintiffs do not. Granted, given the assumption that there are high caliber attorneys on both sides here (proposed 11th amended complaint notwithstanding), the inability of the defense to satisfy their burden reasonably could possibly lead one to conclude that the plaintiffs' claims have merit; however, this ruling does not in fact address that issue and it would not necessarily be wise to assume that it does. So all this congratulatory backslapping seems a bit premature as nothing was actually decided besides the fact that everything is still going forward. While I can certainly agree that every victory against a zor that has ground their business opportunities and dreams to a halt may seem emotionally warranted, I would recommend keeping the champagne in check until something more substantive for the plaintiffs occur, if only to prevent a possible monumental emotional letdown.
Regardless, would love to be a fly on the wall as to the reasons behind these continuous complaint amendments.
It is odd to have this many reversals. Heck, getting any reversal is statistically an uphill battle; trial judges have broad discretion.
Please be careful about posting while your case is in litigation, but afterwards it would be interesting to know the reasons why the trial judge is so out of synch with his appellate colleagues.
Paul Steinberg
Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
Paul Steinberg, Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
maybe it's just me, but I just realized that the two attachments to the article are from two different lawsuits, but it still looks like there hasn't been any ruling on class certification for the lawsuit that is being talked about in the article, so there is still a chance the judge won't 'certify' the class.
--
Richard Solomon, FranchiseRemedies.com, has over 45 years experience with franchise litigation and crisis management. He is a graduate of The Citadel and The University of Michigan Law School
Richard Solomon, FranchiseRemedies.com, has over 45 years experience with franchise litigation and crisis management. He is a graduate of The Citadel and The University of Michigan Law School
You can get a flavor of that in the written opinion. As I was commenting to someone earlier, the dicta and tenor of an appellate ruling are often a signal to the trial court, and that may be what we have here.
Paul Steinberg
Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
Paul Steinberg, Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
Where did the court award attorney fees? I don't see it in the opinion, and as I read Rule 8.764(c) there is a very limited sphere of costs which can be recovered. Perhaps California has moved to the English rule and not yet codified it ;)
But then, there I go with my "mumbo-jumbo" again. Given the costs of appellate practice, I'm sure that the losing side won't read the statute but will give the franchisees money if they just ask nice. After all, that's fair.
Paul Steinberg
Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
Paul Steinberg, Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
In Canada, loser pays. So any reference to "costs" in Canadian judgment includes the partial payment of attorney fees.
In the US, there is no such automatic rule of civil procedure. When attorney fees are awarded, as opposed to filing fees associated with the appeal, the Court will generally make mention that "attorney fees" as opposed to mere costs are awarded.
That is how I understand Paul's point.
Michael Webster PhD LLB
Franchise News
Michael Webster, a franchisee attorney in Toronto, Ontario, publishes a website on business opportunities and franchises called "The BizOp News"
Webster is correct in his assessment of US law.
I posted the hyperlink to the California statute discussing "costs on appeal" and referenced the specific provision. If you are having problems with the hyperlink, the California statutory language is:
(c) Items recoverable as costs
So unless there is a California statute which is to the contrary, or The Gubernator has been toppled by the forces of Stephen Harper, then I don't see why Janet Sparks is saying that attorney fees were awarded.
Paul Steinberg
Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
Paul Steinberg, Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
Yes. They haven't updated the language in a while. As to how much is customary, I would defer to a California practicioner. Or typist ;)
Paul Steinberg
Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
Paul Steinberg, Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400
I've seen this strategy first hand. It defies logic and requires suspension of reality and then and only then can it work.
Paul I am growing to appreciate your sardonic wit; it's so deliciously mocking yet subtle enough to not overtly offend the mass of victmhood.
The Truth Shall Set You Free!
TIF
The Truth Shall Set You Free!
TIF
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