What Chain Has the Fairest Franchise Agreement? Worst?

The Best and Worst Franchise Contracts Ranked

SAN DIEGO (Blue MauMau) - Robert Purvin, chairman of the American Association of Franchisees and Dealers, discusses with Blue MauMau what franchisors provide the fairest franchise agreements and which ones have drafted the most oppressive. A franchise agreement is the legal document that establishes the conditions of the franchisee and franchisor relationship. The AAFD advocates collective negotiation of the agreement by franchise owners through their independent franchisee association to establish basic rights before any mishap occurs.

In the worst cases, franchise owners "indenture themselves to their franchisors" with few rights, says Purvin. He warns, "It is particularly distressing when I think that five out of every six franchisees who have an honest dispute with their franchisor cannot afford justice and must roll over and accept whatever the franchisor dishes out."

Blue MauMau: What five companies stand out in having the best, most friendly franchise agreements for franchise owner-operators?

Purvin: It is easy to rank the agreements that I have reviewed and graded as conforming to the AAFD Standards. Starting from the top as the "most fair":

  1. Cuppy's Coffee and Morebobpurvin
  2. Expectec Technology Services
  3. Settle Inn and Guest House Inns and Suites
  4. Meineke Car Care Centers
  5. Microtel and Hawthorn Inns and Suites

Other agreements that I have admired include:

  • Yum! Brands: All of which negotiate their agreements with independent owners associations
  • Burger King
  • Sylvan Learning
  • Supercuts

BMM: What companies come to mind in having the worst, most predatory franchise agreements for franchise owner-operators? Why?

Purvin: The list of franchise agreements that give franchisors complete license to adopt and enforce predatory practices is very large, and sadly encompasses the vast majority of franchise offerings—simply because the marketplace has accepted one-sided contracts of adhesion that protect franchisors over franchisee rights. Some very troubling franchise agreements include:

  1. McDonald's: Although McDonald's culture may be a model of collaboration, such cooperation isn't guaranteed in the franchise agreement
  2. The UPS Store
  3. Marriott Brands

And [not included above are the] many, many minor brands whose agreements simply follow the [worst] model, and the marketplace simply fails to "kick back.''

--

Mr. Purvin spoke with Blue MauMau in conjunction with the publication of his newly updated book, The Franchise Fraud: How to Protect Yourself Before and After You Invest. This is one of several articles to be published based on an interview with him.

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Fair Contracts

There are serious methodological issues which prevent the AAFD's grading of a contract representing a ranking of fairness from first to worst.

Let's put aside the Cuppy''s grade at this point because that process is under review.

What the AAFD does, and primarily Bob does it, is to grade contracts when asked to by either the IndFA or the Franchisor.

The grading is on either 5 to 10 point scale per Standard.  

However, there are a number of important terms in a Franchise contract that there are no standards for - which might make a material difference to your purchase.

For example, right now Dunking Donuts appears to be favouring multi unit holders.  But the AAFD has not standard on a cross-default clause.  (Personally, I find the use of cross-defaults despicable and can only be justified as a club in negotiations.) So the AAFD grade for a franchise contract with a cross-default clause would be the same as contract without a cross-default clause.

Next, there is the problem of comparing franchise contracts.  It is false to think that there has been no grade inflation in the AFFD's marking - partly, this has been a result of setting a very high numerical bar for the accredited contracts.

While Microtel's score might be numerically lower than Expetec's without an understanding of what standards Microtel lost points on we cannot say that because Microtel grader lower it has a less fair contract.  For some franchisees, the places where Microtel lost points may not be important or rank as highly as our grading system assumes that they do.

Finally, while the Standards themselves are objective, there is a degree of subjectivity to the grading of a contract.  Where I might give a term a 3 out of 5, some one else might argue for a 4.5 out of 5.  There is room for genuine disagreements and it probably makes for sense to assign a range of numbers rather than a single grade.   

It is important to know whether your franchise agreement is very fair, reasonably fair, or a complete mess.  But, the significance of the actual numerical grade of your franchise agreement should not not be made into something it is not.  

In particular, I see no justification for ranking franchise systems from 1 - 500 based on the grade we assign them; there is a great deal of value on the other hand to grading contracts against the standards to determine their relative fairness.

Michael Webster PhD LLB
Franchise News

Lets buy a Cuppys!

Purvin says: "It is particularly distressing when I think that five out of every six franchisees who have an honest dispute with their franchisor cannot afford justice and must roll over and accept whatever the franchisor dishes out."

And then he rates Cuppy's as the "most fair" contract?

After the uproar over failure to comply with contractual obligations for refunds?

After the disclosure that the franchisor got purchasers to pay money to a related entity in order to circumvent impound/escrow requirements?

After the disclosure that the franchisor spent the money on god-knows-what?

Before Webster has even finished writing his report on matters relating to that very same Cuppy's contract?

I hope Dale Nabors manages to salvage this mess. We all do.

But that "most fair" contract award was used to sucker franchisees into a bait-and-switch scheme involving a construction company (!!).

The conduct of the franchisor was and remains indefensible, and hardly excused by the gullibility of the franchisees.

If Cuppy's is the "most fair" contract, then apparently such a designation is totally irrelevant to franchise purchasers. Indeed, it is a deceptive designation which lulls prospective franchisees into abandoning common sense.

Now, shame on the franchisees...true.

But... shame on the franchisor, and shame on the AAFD for not just admitting that they got snookered by Cuppy's.

What are they smoking out there in San Diego?

Paul Steinberg
Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400

Great to see Paul maul

Now you're talking, Paul. You're beautiful with your dander up.

But, of course, you are missing the point!  Mr. Purvin is rating the fairness of the contract, not the fairness of the franchisor, the deal, or any other factor that has any relevance to whether this is a trustworthy opportunity.

As Uncle Bob said, I have found religion.  I see that he is not being inaccurate, just irrelevant.  It's a pretty contract.  It's damn pretty contract.  And just because someone's picking the pocket of its admirers doesn't mean it's not a pretty contract.

And before you even get going, Supreme Building Technologies is NOT Elite Manufacturing! 

It's the CONTRACT.....

Paul, 

Yes, Bob still rates Cuppy's as the fairest CONTRACT.

NOT the fairest franchisor, not the best business model, simply the fairest contract. 

The fact that the Franchisor found a way to circumvent and avoid the provisions in the contract, and found willing franchisees who ponied their money up to a third party thereby foregoing the protections that existed in the contract doesn't make the contract any less fair. 

If in fact franchisees were more easily duped because the existence of a fair contract made them less suspicious of the Franchisor, I guess it would have been better if the contract had been really onerous, huh?

Bad people do bad things, regardless of contracts, laws, protections, etc.   The actions of Cuppy's didn't make the franchise contract any better or worse, and obviously didn't change Mr. Purvin's opinion about the document. 

Now, whether he or the AAFD should be touting the contract in public given  recent events, that's a whole different argument, one on which I think we would probably share the same side....

Mufflerman is correct

I agree with you.

But what you have as an aside in the last sentence is the most important issue--the perception is critical here, and there is a logical flaw in asserting that a "fair" or "accredited" contract is of some value, and then having the #1 contract be offered by a company which proceeded to fleece people (however stupid the sheep may have been).

...and I suspect that Dale Nabors would agree that the last thing he needs right now is touting the contract. He's got enough on his hands already.

Paul Steinberg
Franchisee Attorney, New York City, Ph: 212-529-5400

Don't Forget

they may not just be fleecing people, they may be fleecing building partners based on a lawsuit recently filed. 

A fair contract means nothing to franchisees if there isn't a solvent company behind that. 

Elite Lawsuit

jd is referring to this lawsuit:

http://dockets.justia.com/docket/court-inndce/case_no-1:2008cv00163/case_id-55142/

The company Supreme Technology claims that Elite Manufacturing owes in about $1.7 million for building out the Cuppy's kiosks and restaurants, among other things.

Usually, I have to avoid discussions about Cuppy's -but this lawsuit is in the public domain.

But, until I complete my report to the AAFD Board, I will have no comment on the merits of this lawsuit. 

Michael Webster PhD LLB
Franchise News

But Paul

Purvin worked with Cuppy's in developing the franchise agreement, so of course he is going to say that they have the fairest.  Hell he probably wrote it for them and sent it to them and Cuppy's said 'Sure, sounds great' and had no intentions of ever completely abiding by it. 

I think it's a fair question to ask here:  How much money has Cuppy's 'donated' to the AAFD over the last couple of years and has any member of the AAFD taken consulting fees from them?

Paul, love is blind

While, with this last pronouncement, AAFD may have fatally wounded itself (within this community), I think blind love caused it to trip on the sword.

A well formed 'contract princess' can be perfection to adoring eyes even though her lovers are left infected for life.

Personal bias in franchising (in life, period) results in an unhealthy approach to 'helping others', and as with every other costumed 'franchise due diligence' format, self-serving motives overshadow consumer best interests.

Onward, ‘knights of the windmill’.

Nick Bibby is a franchise consultant and principal of the Bibby Group.

Worst Looks Good

Is it just me or does the list of worst franchise agreements look like the best franchise money makers?

I know we are supposed to look at inward beauty but the owner-operator at the end of the day has to sleep with the franchise.

Video of AAFD Meeting

I managed to take a video at the last AAFD meeting. (I snuck in unannounced with an ESPN crew.) The diapers in the video are laced with accredited AAFD contracts, in which you can see that several were successfully put on franchisors. The rule is that a franchisor must walk ten steps or 3 years to gain the title of Fair Franchisor. Watch for the grand finale at the end of the video when Purvin, wearing a black cap, blesses Cuppy's Coffee.


Purvin's Top 5 FRs Who've Paid the AAFD

AAFD Accredited Contracts, complete list:
1. Cuppy's Coffee and More
2. Expectec Technology Services
3. Settle Inn and Guest House Inns and Suites

Mr. Purvin's 5 Fairest Franchise Agreements:

1. Cuppy's Coffee and More
2. Expectec Technology Services
3. Settle Inn and Guest House Inns and Suites
4. Meineke Car Care Centers
5. Microtel and Hawthorn Inns and Suites

It's tough to come up with a top 5 when you've only been paid to promote 3. Luckily, he can dip into the vast universe of AAFD Seal recipients for the remaining 2.

Does anyone in this industry make any attempt at appearing credible? BMM: Why bother asking the AAFD questions and not challenging the biased answers? Why were his top 9 franchises mostly motels? Look at the AAFD client list and take a guess.

Silly Comment

I was asked by Bluemaumau to list my top 5 franchise agreements, and I listed the top 5 agreements that I have scored--in other words I answered the question.  The AAFD requires a 95% score for a company to gain Accredited Contract Status -- because other safeguards present in earning the full fair franchising seal are not available.  Consequently, it isn't a surprise that AAFD Accredited Contracts would score at the top of the list.

 I have answered the question about why hotel franchises score higher than other industries many times -- including 14 years ago when my book first came out.  Typically, a hotel owner is a property owner and has sufficient investment savvy (and resources) to afford capable counsel and to resist unfair contracts.  Sadly, over the last 15 years, hotel contracts generally have been coming back to the pack -- the notable exceptions being companies that have earned the AAFD Seal.

You might ask the 40+ companies whose contracts did not make the AAFD grade if the AAFD is objective in its grading -- or you might simply read any AAFD Accredited Contract for yourself and ask "Don't I wish my franchise agreement respected my rights like this one?"

Bob Purvin
Chairman
American Association of Franchisees and Franchise Dealers

Question On Mr. Purvin's Grading

Mr. Purvin states "It is easy to rank the agreements that I have reviewed and graded as conforming to the AAFD Standards," and then lists the top 5.

Mr. Purvin: How many have you "reviewed and graded as conforming to the AAFD Standards"? This is the top 5 of a list containing how many, total?

The AAFD has graded more than 60 Agreements

Recently a Bluemaumau guest asked the following question:

Mr. Purvin: How many have you "reviewed and graded as conforming to the AAFD Standards"? This is the top 5 of a list containing how many, total?

This is an excellent question, and bears response.

In total, the AAFD has graded about 60 franchise agreements, usually at the request of a franchisee association, but sometimes at the request of a franchisor that is considering trying to earn AAFD Accreditation. Only 18 brands have scored better than 80% against the AAFD Standards, and only 5 brands have scored above 90% compliant with the AAFD Standards.

Most agreements we grade receive a D or F Grade (below 60% conforming to our standards).

To earn AAFD Accredited Contract Status, an agreement must 'substantially conform' to the AAFD Fair Franchising Standards, and we at set that bar at 95% conforming. Expetec, Settle Inns and Cuppy's all scored about 99%. Meineke is the highest scoring mature brand, with a score of about 97%. The hotel brands that have earned the AAFD Fair Franchising Seal scored in the 80's.

The highest graded contracts have all been negotiated, and though not impossible, it would be hard to imagine an agreement scoring high that has not been a product of collective bargaining.

Having an AAFD approved contract is an important, but NOT the only important consideration in purchasing a franchise.

However, AAFD approved contracts deliver all of the rights that franchisee advocates have sought for years -- rights that have not been delivered through legislation or litigation, but are being achieved through negotiation.

After determining that the business model and brand are sound, Prospective Franchisees should adopt the mantra "I'll only invest if your agreement is AAFD Accredited." Existing franchisees should spread this advice -- only then will the marketplace demand fair and balanced franchise agreement at protect franchisees when things go South.

There are a lot of Cuppy's franchisees who were able to secure refunds because of the AAFD Accredited contract that they signed, and several commentators on Bluemaumau who consistently forget (or ignore) this important fact!

Total Contracts

Guest writes: "Mr. Purvin: How many have you "reviewed and graded as conforming to the AAFD Standards"? This is the top 5 of a list containing how many, total?"

This is an excellent question.  I believe, and not doubt will be corrected, that in the last 15 years, the AAFD has been asked by less than 200 franchise systems to conduct reviews of their agreement - either by the IndFA or, very rarely, the franchisor. 

Why haven't more IndFAs asked for a review?  Why aren't there more active IndFAs? Don't know, all good questions.

Michael Webster PhD LLB
Franchise News

No franchisor that matters gives a damn about the ridiculous

AAFD. The AAFD is a totally absurd and ineffective chatters society.

Imagine a group of people sitting around parsing out - phrase by phrase and word by word - franchise agreements for the stated purpose of deeming some fair and others not.

Anyone with franchise experience knows that franchise agreements are for the purpose of optimizing franchisor options and protecting franchisor interests. Fairness has nothing to do with franchising. Even the courts have repeatedly said that. The few cases that say otherwise have been reversed or not followed by other courts.

That's why there are so few franchisors that show any regard for AAFD certification, and that's also why the AAFD is just an impotent group of whiners following some nut case bozo through meaningless exercises.

The recent Cuppy's instance is the best evidence of a fair contract award being given to a crooked scamming franchise run by people without ethics.

Only a total boozo would give an award to a company that scammed people out of tons on money, because in the opinion of the leader of the AAFD, the contract looks good. How stupid can you get?--

Richard Solomon, FranchiseRemedies.com,  has over 45 years experience with franchise litigation and crisis management. He is a graduate of The Citadel and The University of Michigan Law School

Suggestions Concerning Franchise Agreement

The problem with any franchise agreement is that it's written for the benefit of the franchisor. Make sure the agreement gives you - in writing - a protected territory. I would also recommend that a franchisee check to see what kind of changes can be made to the Owners Manual regarding hours, purchasing options, and operations. Believe it or not, at some chains they can be legally changed with no notice, at any time. So if you wanted a franchise that allowed you flexible hours, multiple vendors, or the ability to offer other products or services you may or may not have it a year or two down the road - with no legal recourse.

Franchise Agreements Benefit Franchisors

Guest,

Of course the franchise agreements favor the zors. It's their agreement! If you were the franchisor, you would craft the agreement to your benefit. it is human nature, and that is how business is done. There is nothing wrong with it, unless it is crafted illegally, or if it is written in such a way as to make it next to impossible for a franchisee to make money.

The franchise agreement is only part of the franchise business that one is investing in. Look at the total picture. Franchising works. Do your research the right way, and only use an attorrney well versed in all things franchise.

Self promotion coming now- www.FranchiseResearchSteps.com

franpro

Franpro is: Joel Libava, President

Franchise Selection Specialists Inc . Cleveland, Ohio

Craft the Agreement to Your Benefit

If you were the franchisee, you would band together and craft the agreement to your benefit. It is human nature, and that is how business is done. - Joel

Well said.

And.....

>If you were the franchisee, you would band together and craft the agreement to your benefit. It is human nature, and that is how business is done. - Joel

Well said.<<

And would any franchisor sign it? - Think about it! - There is a message in there!

So . . .

Franchisors would sign a contract that doesn't allow them to encroach within a mile and a half of a franchise's territory or ask for 20 years of future royalties even if a shop goes under only if it were in their interest to do so. Think about it! There is a message in there.

Marketplace of Franchise Owners Not Eager to Kick Back

Judging from Purvin's comments in the article, almost all franchise owners do not mind having few rights with their franchisor.

Purvin: "the marketplace simply fails to 'kick back.'"

As long as money can be made, the scene is fine. It's when a franchise owner fails that they get upset. Unfortunately, ex-franchisees are no longer part of the marketplace to do much kicking.

The courts will largely support the contract that the franchisee was willing to sign.

Moved

Editor's note: This comment on a new Quiznos lawsuit has been moved here. It's not related to this news story.

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