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Log In / Register | Mar 19, 2010

Exposed by Not Having Earnings Claims? Then Have Salespersons Write Records

I once interviewed a spokesperson for the Franchise Trade Commission to ask what their most frequent franchisee complaint was. He told me that secret earnings claims was at the heart of most of the cases they looked into. Rupert Barkoff, a past chair of the American Bar Association’s Forum on Franchising and a recognized leader of franchise attorneys, agrees. Sadly, few franchisors provide earnings claims. To that end, Barkoff notes in a recent column, “One franchisee-oriented attorney once said to me, ‘Show me a franchise disclosure document that does not have an earnings claim, and you have shown me a lawsuit.’

Franchise buyers are no fools.

Buyers understand that before they buy a business, they better have a peg on what sort of profits to expect. The ravenous demand for such basic information is what pushes sales persons to secretly supply hints. After all, many are hungry to receive a commission for selling a franchise.

The Atlanta-based partner of law-firm Kilpatrick Stockton LLP advises franchisors what to do about this major flaw in a franchisor’s armor. He cites Australia’s Muffin Break case in which an unseasoned sales person gave oral expectations off the record on what a typical franchise could do. Like most, the franchising firm had no earnings claims and had customary wavers in their disclosure document that such outside representations were null and void. The trial judge didn't buy the disclaimers and ruled in favor of the franchise owner.

Barkoff advises franchisors on how to protect themselves:

  1. Train the sales force on what can and cannot be stated to a buyer, "especially if there is no financial performance representation (FPR) in the document"
  2. Keep records of meetings and telephone conversations between franchisees and all franchisor sales representatives for your protection

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Earning Claims are a positive for sales by Guest
We are a company that provides an Item 19 GP & Sales Chart. We provide high, low and average as to not mislead the candidate with "selective" numbers. More important is the fact that each candidate must visit more owners after disclosure to get assistance in forming a business plan before being approved. Ultimately, each company must find the process by which their franchise will be held in the best & honest light for prospective franchisees. Remember these candidates are often putting their life savings on the table to grab a piece of the American Dream. It is the bad franchisors that take that away and and should be persecuted publicly and legally if applicable. In the end, good franchise systems will prevail and bad ones will fail. Unfortunately, there is no fail proof way to stop unscrupulous franchisors from duping candidates, and it is these franchisors that place a bad light on the franchise community as a whole. But I do believe most franchisors are in it for the right reasons as they believe it their products, service, etc and are not looking to take someone's life savings.
I commend you for respecting people's lives and life savings by Barbara Jorgensen
Barbara Jorgensen's picture

I do believe the good franchise systems will prevail and bad ones will fail.  The bad one's do give false earning claims and their sales people are only out for the commission. 

There is no difference when a bad loan officer puts numbers in a application to qualify a person for a house to just get the the loan to go through and knows all along the person can't afford the house. 

In franchising many start their empires getting anyone to buy their system.  They do not care about their zees.  They just want to get the damn franchise going and get the victims money to build their empire.  They need to be stopped because they hurt thousands of people because of greed. 

If what you say is true I hope many bad zors will read what you say and change their evil ways and stop hurting the hard working people of our country, (And all over the world.) 

The only way a person can sell a franchise is giving people earnings claims because the bottom line is people need to know how other's in the system are doing.  No one would buy a franchise because of the FDD.  That is why the law does say that sales people need to have written documentation of their oral representation of how much a store is making. 

Even that isn't enough because what if a club or store that is supposely doing well sold memberships for hardly anything to get to the high numbers of memberships.  What if that supposely club owner isn't the real club owner but the son of the owner and he didn't have to pay for anything?  Non-disclosure is misrepresentation.  If they use a club or store as an example they need to tell the whole story.  Fabrication of numbers is easily done as we found out while we were in business. 

Simple due diligence does not work.  There are different ways to fool people.  The scammers know all the tricks.  If you are not that kind of person  you don't know all the ways to skin a cat.  The con artist mind is brilliant. They have had alot of practice.  When the honest person only knows one way to make money and that is hard work, great sacrafice and diligently getting up every morning and doing what they have to do to survive. 

    

Barkoff Analysis by Lionel Hutz PA
Lionel Hutz PA's picture
I see what Barkoff is saying.
  1. Nobody would buy a franchise without some indication of how much it makes.
  2. If there is a "financial performance representation" in the FDD, the zor limits its liability.
  3. If there is no representation in the FDD, there has almost certainly been a "cocktail napkin" type of representation.
Are Franchisors Better Protected by Issuing an Earnings Claim? by Bob Frankman
Bob Frankman's picture

Legal Eagles:

Is attorney Barkoff correct when he says that financial performance representations in the franchise disclosure document limits the franchisors liability?

Most franchisors (non-legal backgrounds) say the opposite. They are afraid to put earnings claims in the disclosure document for fear that their firm stake in the sand is easily sued. e.g. "My franchisor wrote in the disclosure document that the average unit makes $500k but I only made $250k. He's a scam artist."

Barkoff is right by Howard R. Morrill
When you meet a franchisee who got the negative Item 19 earnings claim disclosure, the only questions are how the franchisor communicated how much money he would make to him and whether you can prove it. If a franchisor makes lawful earnings claims, it is potentially much harder to argue a franchisee reasonably considered and relied upon something else. If a franchisor does not make legal earnings claims, then its representatives WILL make illegal ones and the reason for relying on the illegal claims, in the absence of any other information, is obvious.
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Re: Are Franchisors Better.... by jd
Bob, I'm going to take it from the zor side, since I worked at a company that had an earnings claim. If you are just stating sales volume, I think the liability would be less, because those numbers are pretty well known and doesn't take any judgment from the zor side. the more information you disclose the more liability there is to you, if the information provided is wrong. If you are presenting additional information like cost of sales, there are judgment calls (in my opinion) that need to be made. We had zees sending in financial statements that were showing 10-15% cost of sales higher or lower than the normal. So, the question becomes, do you include their financial statement in the earnings claim or exclude it. Either way, the documentation better be done well as to the inclusion/exclusion, because I'm sure a good attorney will be asking plenty of questions on your decision when you are up on the stand.
Something of an earnings claim is better than nothing by Guest
It seems that Barkoff and other attorneys are arguing against JD's point and the conventional wisdom of holding earnings claims close to the chest by releasing as little as possible. I'm gathering from the discussion here that the earnings claims does not need to be spot on or done with exceptional, meticulous and exacting accuracy. It sounds like there is less legal liability in receiving an oral derivative of earnings recorded on the disclosure document as opposed to whisperings of earnings promises when nothing is documented.
Comments Moved by Les Stewart
Les Stewart's picture
The comments are unrelated to the article topic and have been moved here.

Les Stewart MBA FranchiseFool :: WikidFranchise

Unrelated? by Les Stewart
Les Stewart's picture
A very curious decision, Don. Les Stewart MBA FranchiseFool :: WikidFranchise.org

Les Stewart MBA FranchiseFool :: WikidFranchise

Today, the combination of disclaimers of earnings claims; by RichardSolomon
RichardSolomon's picture
the presence of acknowledgement, merger and non reliance clauses; the use of pre closing questionaires on which the investor says no claims statements were made to him (and signs the form) plus the availability of competent pre investment due diligence assistance make earnings claims much safer than they used to be. Franchise investors are at much greater risk now than they used to be. Franchiors who use this regimen have almost a free pass.

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Richard Solomon, FranchiseRemedies.com,  has over 45 years experience with franchise litigation and crisis management. He is a graduate of The Citadel and The University of Michigan Law School


Richard Solomon, FranchiseRemedies.com,  has over 45 years experience with franchise litigation and crisis management. He is a graduate of The Citadel and The University of Michigan Law School
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